Image provided by: Joanne Skelton; Cottage Grove, OR
About Rural enterprise. (Halsey, Or.) 1924-1927 | View Entire Issue (March 10, 1927)
* WHAT TO SEE DAIRY CThc, English Cottage Is General Favorite Among Discriminating Home Builders fa s te n DAIRYMAN MUST BE GOOD FARMER I Javanese Women on the Way to Market. (P rep a red by th e N a tio n a l O eojrraphle S o ciety . W a sh in g to n . D. C .) AVA, lying far off In the eastern seas, almost a world apart from Europe and America, has ernpha sized the Twentieth century’s quickening of communications and easy flow of Ideas by recently having Its Bolshevist troubles. These seem, however, to have been pretty well suppressed. The very recent emergence of the Javanese from serfdom no doubt in creases the desire for greater freedom among the small group of the edu cated; but the close association of the vast mass of the uneducated with the soil—a virtual peonage—Is a powerful force toward conservatism. Java Is a fuvored Isle In many ways Its entire area, equal to that of New York state, lies within nine degrees of the equator. Java Is the richest of the Dutch East Indies and also the most densely populated; the number of inhabitants amounts to as many as 1.000 per square mile in some districts Aside from the sprinkling of Euro peuns and Chinese, the native popula tion numbers more than 30,000,(XX). These all belong to the Malay race and almost without exception profess the religion of Islam. Batavia, on the low-lying north coast, is the capital of Java as well as Its metropolis and the great emporium for trade among the Islands und be tween them and the mother country. The Netherlands. It Is a great, sprawling town with numerous ware houses to take the place of the “fac tories” of the early duys of Dutch activity In the East. There are canals, too, in true Dutch fashion, In the old town. Few Europeans live there now It Is given over almost wholly to trade and serves as well us a residence sec tion for Javanese. Chluese. Indians. Arabs und Malays. Further Inland on higher ground lie the quarters of Eu ropeans, chiefly Dutch, of course. This white man's section has broad ave nues and low houses embowered In trees and shrubbery. There are parks, green and colorful with the luxuriant growths of the tropics. Near one of these Is an Im posing building of classical design the Museum of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences. The copper ele phant on a pedestal In front of the building was a gift from the king of Slam, presented on the occasion of Ids visit some years ago. This museum contains the finest ethnological collec tion of any Institution in the Ear East. J « Good Hotels for Tropics. The rising sun warns the traveler of the approach of noon anil he turns down a side street in search of the welcome coolness of "a hotel. As a rule the hotels in Java are clean, well kept and admirably designed to meet the requirements of a tropical climate. Tliey usually consist of a main build ing, openly constructed, so a« to admit the passing breeze, with wings con taining the sleeping rooms. The charges in Java are much cheaper than in other parts of the East. The Java hotels furnish a great treat to gourmets—that famous gastronomic In stltution known as the rljst-tafel or rice-table. One takes his seat In a spacious pa vilion and Is brought soup by an army of beturbaned Malays. Then large, deep plates are brought, on each a supply of rice. On top of this basic stratum two Inches deep the diner Is expected to place an extraordinary variety of vegetables, curries, dried fish, eggs, fowls and meat flavored with a variety of peppery condiments A sail of .36 hours from Batavia brings one to Soerabaya, the most Important seaport In Java, with a good harbor at the mouth of the Solo river. Ships anchor offshore and passengers embark In one of the native boats and make their ways amid the crowded shipping to the landing stage. Although commercially of great Im portai.ee, Soerabaya Is hot und pre sents few attractions to the visitor There Is an air of bustling activity In the streets which seems to verify the city’s -eputation for alertness and aacemlency In the mechanical arts. A two hour« ride by rail frmn Soera bays through a densely tropical region lands the traveler at Pasourouan. There he may get the real flavor of back-country travel by entering the curious carts of the country called dos-a-dos, and set out for the delight the ful mountain resort of Tosarl, Java's Simla. Ever ascending, the road leads past miles of rice and sugar fields to a pretty little hotel on the lower slopes of the mountain range, where one may rest. The remainder of the climb to Tosarl is too steep for vehicles, so horses and palanquins are used for the Anal stage of the Journey. Tosarl Is a delightful resort. A so journ of several days in the salubrious air of the mountains renews one for life or travel In the plains. A wulfc alonjf the single street of the village gives gome idea of the mode of life of these mountaineers, who are quite dis tinct from their neighbors of the lower valleys. Here are found the homes of the Tenggerese. that hardy tribe who, at the time of the Moslem Invasion, retreated to these mountain strong holds and successfully defended their homes against the Invaders. The lofty location of Tosarl, perched on a flank of the Tengger massif at an elevation of 5.480 feet above sea level. Invites one, by Its Invigorating air, to undertake walking trips und mountaineering excursions, which In other parts of the Island would be out of the question. Lots of Volcanoes. Two of these jaunts which are most Interesting are the trips to the crater of the active volcano and to the sum mit of Penandjaan, a loftier eminence which commands an extensive view of the eastern part o f the Island. Volcanoes and Java are subjects that cunnot be divorced. Volcano- made in the first place, und constantly being remade by them, Java has more volcanoes than any area of Its size In the world. Estimates of the active and extinct craters range from 100 to LTO. Everywhere in Java, In the huge crater lakes, in fissures that now are river beds, even In ancient temples, half finished when Interrupted by some fiery convulsion, are evidences of cataclysmic forces. The "treacherous Klot,” as the na tives call It, all but wiped out the town of Brltar in 1919, but even Ils devastation was mild compared to the violent upheaval of Krakatoa In 1883. Then Mother Nature turned anarchist and planted a Gargantuan infernal ma chine on the doorstep of Java. Kra- katoa is a little Island In the Nunda strait, between Sumatra and Java. One of the most fascinating spots In all Java cities Is the market. The Dutch have roirfed most of them over, and under the tile shelters the natives display baskets of rice, bunches of ba nanas and leaves bearing preparations of betel, |>eppers and ground coconut. In every Javan town the market, or passar, Is a center of Interest. If your purchase is small enough to warrant wrapping you get a neat package enclosed In banana leuf, which has been called the “wrapping paper of the tropics," fastened with a cactus thorn. Java is extremely fertile—made so by Its numerous volranoea, those much-maligned beneficent forces. The entire Island Is the most luxuriant garden spot In all the World. It Is so densely |* *opulated that Its Inhabitant* must till the soil, and cannot pluck their fisid from trees us in some South Sea Isles. But t. ey do live by a mini mum of labor and they require foi shelter only a roof over their heads to protect them from frequent rains The result of these conditions ha* been that the present-day Javan hH> had slight need to concern hlmseit with architecture, making machines or household decorations. Though the modern Javan Is not concerned with architecture the Is land people of thousand* of years ago built temples and monuments which today are objects of wonder to tin- stud-nt and fragments of beauty to the artist. Notable among these I* the Ore t Buddha, or Boro Boedoer, a mighty terraced temple containing a massive Image of Buddha sn<l a re markable series of has reliefs. Successful dairymen need to be Just as good farmers as they are dairymen. It Is pointed out by W. J. Eraser, dairy funning authority of the college of agriculture, University of Illinois. This Is true because to make a profit under modern conditions dnlrymen must make their farms supply the feeds for their dairy herds, be ex plained. It does them no good to know how to feed profitably if they do uot have the feed, he added. “The dairyman’s rotation plan must dovetail Into lus dairy [»Ians before he can get the greatest possible return from his farm. The rotation for u dairy farm must be planned from three standpoints: (1) Feed. The dulry farm rotation must supply proper quality and quantity of feed the year around at the least expense to the dairy herd. (2) Land. The rotation must use land lo the fullest advantage through the use of the most profitable crops, the growing of enough legumes to maintain and Increase soil humus and nitrogen In order to maintain soil fertility and through diversifying crop returns so us to minimize-failure of any one crop. (3) Labor. The rotation must provide for labor distribution to prevent burdensome peak loads and to utilize labor available throughout the year. This is especially Important to the dairy farmer because he has so much work with bis dairy herd. Demands for the dairy herd for legume feeds, demands of soil for nitro gen supply, and the need for the most profitable use of land and labor dove tail together so that legumes are the basis of a good dairy rotation. On moat soils limestone Is an abso lute necessity before legumes can be grown, yet Is a minor Item of cost compared to returns. Dairymen often buy alfalfa at $25 a ton while $4 to $8 an acre In limestone would allow them to produce It at about $10. Freight, baling and handling make purchased feed expensive. The rotation Is a definite business plan, providing as sure a return as possible year after year, and thereby reducing the gambling element In farming. It must be planned for a definite number of animals so that enough feed will be on hand every, day In the year to keep every cow fed to the limit of her productive capacity. Fields must be of the same size so that shout the same amount of feed Is produced each year. Good legume hay, alfalfa preferred, Hnd corn silage, are the foundation upon which the winter feed supply Is based. One and one-lialf tons of ulfalfa hay and four tons allage should be allowed per cow per year for the larger breeds. Pasture must be provided each year. On tillable land three-fourths of an acre of sweet clover a cow Is a good standnrd. Where untlllable blue grass Is available then the rotation must be planned In reference to It. Often It can be limed and sown to sweet clover. No one rotation fits every farm, hut some one rotation can be worked out for each and every farm. Young Calves Thrive on Skim Milk, Hay and Grain Young calves will usually begin to Dibble at grain and hay when they are between thirty and forty duys old. These feeds should be placed avail able to calves at this age. As long as the calves ure getting a liberal supply of skim milk and have access to good quality legume bay, the grain mixture may be composed of equal parts of whole corn and oats, or barley may be Included. At forty days of age calves will be eating about one-half pound each of grain and hay dally. Thia amount should gradually be In creased to where they are getting about four pounds of grain and three pounds of hay at one hundred eighty days of age In addition to which they should get from sixteen to eighteen pounds of skim milk dally. Cows Need Protection During Winter Weather Dairy cows need protection In the way of good bousing and sleeping quarters during cold winter weather, says L. P. McCann, associate profes sor In animal husbandry, Colorado Agricultural college. "Exposure to cold weather and storms means that the cows are con suming nn extra amount of feed to overcome such exposure. Dairy cows do not have a thick coat of fat to peotect them against the elements u s do beef cattle and bogs, hence their need of more protection. Cows kept In comfortable quarters consume slightly leas feed and produce a trifle more ndlk than those allowed to run In the open during the winter mouths.” Using Dusty Feeds One reason for a lot of trouble from high bacteria as well as dirt In milk comes from the practice of feeding dusty hay or fielder before milking. Bacteria and germa travel In the al-, and even small particles of dust carry many thousand* of liacterla When such feeds are given to the cows tie fore milking, a large amount of the (Inst and dirt will get Into the milk Tills will not only cause milk to s|*d more quickly, but will tie otijecibginhls from tlie standpoint of sediment ’ FARM » PÛÜLTRY BAD VENTILATION BIG LIABILITY Floor Plan. go nicely In this house, and the win dow draping* could be more subatan- tlally heavy than usual; that Is, for overdrapea one might utilize the heav ier cretonnes, velvets, velours or broadi'lotha, In massy deep colors. But we would not suggest too much bright brass fittings for the fireplace; ham mered brass or wrought Iron does nicely, and does not take all the plena This seems to be a general favorite ure of a fireplace away by exacting as to style of construction. Judging by more work than we gain comfort out the number of similar designs which of It. are now finding vogue among the architects, builders and house owners Good Housing Elements generally throughout the country. The a p p e a l la undeniable. The bungalow in Building of Homes pictured does uot merely bring back Housing standards are both phya to many who have migrated beloved leal and moral, and the two are more memories of the old country, but to or less Inseparable. those who have always lived In Amer Housing standards relate mainly to ica It suggeats substantial, picturesque adequacy of shelter from the elements, building, comfortable living, und a light, ventilation, wuter supply, dis beauty which Is real, because It Is posal of waste, privacy, space for play based upon sound good taste. and family gatherings, arrangement The combination of brick with tlm and equipment affecting the amount bered stucco, the chimney with Its of labor required for housework, Hp- quaint chimney pots, and the distinc pearsnee and general attractiveness, tive windows lead us to look for sim housekeeping maintenance and con ilar qualntness In the Interior, Tills stant Improvement ns the family's can be made altogether a matter of needs develop and Its taste Improves. Individual taste. The floor plan Is The last statement Is not meant as up-to-date and spacious, containing an argument for continual discontent not less than three bedrooms besides with the best that may he available at the kitchen, dining and living rooms. any given time, or that a house should The over all dimensions are 39 feet undergo extensive alterations once or by 43 feet. twice a year. It does mean, however, The outside of such a home as this, that a family which resigns Itself to to appear to the best advantage, needs accept, as a matter of course, tem the dressing -up value of Ivy and shrub porary "makeshifts" which It could he bery. There Is. of course, the objec reasonably expected to remedy, loses tion that the Ivy Is destructive, but In self-respect and suffers accordingly. we know of well-constructed stucco It means tliut every family can make walls which have become Ivy-covered Its home more attractive and livable without the least suspicion of disin by constant attention to matters of tegrating cracks. The color scheme Is detail. slmple--a warm tinted brick, prefer Every child needs plenty of sunlight ably reddish or brownish; brown stain and fresh air, and Is better off In a on the timbered and window portions; well-kept house with modern Improve on the gable cornices; and varicolored ments. In which there is enough room roof. for privacy and for the different mem The recessed porch leads Into either bers of the fumlly to he alone when the dining room or the living room. they wish. Suppose we take the door at our left. We are In the living room. 17 feet by 14 feet, with a fireplace and two sets Telia of Essentials in of windows; three and four on two Fire-Resisting House sides. There Is a hall which we en Consider the structures of the Ideal ter from the living room ; It can take "fire-resisting" house First a foun us to the lavatory, through the aid« dation of concrete, well water-proofed entrance vestibule Into one of the and tied at essential points with rein three bedrooms, or Into the dining forcing steel. room. One criticism of this plan might Gn this foundation lay a two story be that too much space Is taken up wall of cinders or concrete block or by the provision made for corridors. hollow tile for stucco base or brick, Thia la purely a personal affair. The atone and til* for veneered walla. ball which leads to two of the bed Floors of light “fire-reslstlng'' con rooms might be eliminated, with ac struction as above noted Hiid a roof cess to them and the bathroom being of light steel shapes sup|>ortlng gyp had through the dining room How sum concrete covered with slate or vit ever, It Is undeniable that the hall rified tile roofing. space as planned does make for prlv The windows should be steel case acy. meat tyj>»« or metal double hung pat The kitchen Is well arranged, has terns. The doors should he of lami a spacious pantry, and a refrigerator nated wood or hollow metal and the so placed that It Is served through casing, base, etc., of pressed metal. an Icing door from the rear service Certain details In construction porch. should be given serious consideration Naturally, one associates a building If certain materials sre used. If con of this nature with low beamed cell crete or cinder blocks are used for Inged rooms, and furniture dark with exterior wall* It will be well to satisfy age However, It I* possible to enjoy oneself regarding the waterproofnes* the spirit of these, without any de of these materials. They can and pressing actuality, for however plctur should he waterproof. A furred Inside esque an old house's timbered Interior wall construction Is a good scheme of may he. modern Ideas of decoration preventing further difficulties. might look for more cheerful treat ment. We might compromise by mak Day of Small Home ing the Interior trim a dark colored This Is the day of the smell house oak, or mahogany, or walnut, or stain Ing some of the equally good lighter planned for comfort and convenience, woods to get a darker color note not .for ostentation. Healing and re There would tie cheerful paper pal frigerating plants, the electrical equip terns ou the walls, for however gray ment, the plumbing system and the English weather may be the people hullt-ln features have contributed to who originated the cottages of this place the star of the little house In type make up for It by making their the ascendency and to create for It home Interiors as bright and cheerful an Important and distinctive place Io <a possible. Jacobean furniture would modern life By WILLIAM A. RADFORD Mr. W illia m A. R a d fo r d w ill a n s w e r q u e s tio n * a n d g iv e a d v ic e F R E E O F COST on a ll p r o b le m s p e r ta in in g to th e s u b je c t o f b u ild in g , fo r th e r e a d e r s o f th is p a p er . On a c c o u n t o f ht* w id e e x p e r ie n c e a s e d it o r ,- a u t h o r an d m a n u fa c t u r e r . he la, w it h o u t d o u b t, th e h ig h e s t a u t h o r ity o n th e s u b je c t. A d d r e s s a ll I n q u ir ie s to W illia m A R a d ford . No. 1117 P r a ir ie a v e n u e , C h ic a g o , fo r r ep ly . A poultry house without ventilation Is a source of trouble and a liability to the owner, authorities at the col lege of agriculture, University of Illi nois claim. Proper ventilation Is the changing of the ulr within the house without causing u drafty condition, and chang ing It often enough to take care of moisture. In other words, the Ideal desired by good veutllatiou Is a house free from drafts and In’ a dry con dition. During winter months so many poultry keeper* will make the mistake of closing their houses *o tightly In mi effort to get warmth thut they will cause u stagnant ulr condition, ami dumpness will result. At no time dur ing the year should the front of tho house he entirely closed, and eapeclal- ly so If the pen Is In any way crow ded. There are ninny schemes and me chanical devices made that will aid poultry house ventilation, and while these have a value, the aim should he to establish conditions us efficient mid fool proof as possible for getting fresh air Into the house. For the shed roof type of house, the open front will solve the difficulty. This opeultig may have a rough weath er protector of cotton, but a cotton screen is not necessary. Fresh air will never hurt tlie birds. Incidental ly the open front will allow the birds direct sunlight on days of sunshine. For the house with an A shaped roof ami which generally la wider than oth er types of houses, It would he advis able to put In a straw loft. The straw will Insulate against cold and heat and will help to absorb moisture from the pen. It Is advisable to have an open ing In each gable end allowing for an air current over the straw. This la a very simple and efficient way of ventilating a house, and lias the ad- ventage of keeping the house cooler lu summer and wurmer In winter. The one thing a person must guard against with a straw loft Is the con trol of ull mites und lice. Pullets Hatched Early Begin to Lay in Fall Early hatched pullets properly grown and matured will begin to lay during the fall and early winter, when fresh eggs are scarce and when egg prices are at tlielr very highest point. It will make a great deal of difference In the returns from the flock whether the pullets lay fairly well during the winter or whether they do not begin to lay until spring, for In either case they will he consuming feed. Practi cally any pullet, whether late or early batched, or even a very old lieu, will lay during the spring season, but It Is the early hatched pullets which must he depended upon for eggs during the fall and winter. The practice of hatching early as compared with hatching lute will enable the poultry keeper to receive the very consider able added profit due to the produc tion of winter eggs, and In many cases will uiHke all tlie difference he tween loss and a good profit from the poultry flock ; therefore, practice earlv hatching and secure winter eggs It Is very Important. Poultry Facts Early roosting keeps the chicks from crowding Into the corners. • • • Electric lights In winter Is an arti ficial way of making things natural for hens, who do more work with longer days. a a • Never put chicks of different ages In the same coop or brooder unless there Is a partition so thut the tiny ones are Separated from the older ones. a a a Don't neglect grasa for the young chicks In the brooder house. It sup plies the vitamines necessary to health and growth, that can be obtained no where else. • a a Poultry-men are placing stress upon the need of early hatching nnd early production from the pullets. • • • Duck eggs can be hatched very suc cessfully In Incubators, and most In-, collator manufacturers furnish special Instruit Ions for the hatching of duck eggs with their machines. • • • It takes 21 days for hen eggs to hatch ; 28 days for duck eggs, 30 to 34 for goose eggs, nnd 28 days for turkey eggs. The time may vary some what according to conditions. • • • Even In the best of hatches there are always some chirks that are not Just right. Koch birds should be dis posed of at once. a a a Exercise, grit and green feed alt have their place In the rtexelopment of the growing chick, hut they cannot take the pluce of sunlight • • • Sunshine Is one of the necessities In successful chick raising It prevents rickets or leg weakness, so common among chicks that are kept Indoor« during the early weeks of spring.